Lucid dreaming is essentially having consciences while you dream, also the dreamer is able to control the environment of the dream world, lucid dreams are often realistic and vivid. It is shown that there are higher amounts of beta-1 frequency band (13–19 Hz) brain wave activity experienced by lucid dreamers, hence there is an increased amount of activity in the parietal lobes making lucid dreaming a conscious process.
Paul Tholey, an oneirologist and Gestalt theorist laid the epistemological basis for the research of lucid dreams. these seven factors are what determine the difference between a lucid dream and a dream.
- Awareness of the dream state (orientation);
- Awareness of the capacity to make decisions;
- Awareness of memory functions;
- Awareness of identity;
- Awareness of the dream environment;
- Awareness of the meaning of the dream;
- Awareness of concentration and focus (the subjective clarity of that state).
This paralysis is caused by neurons in the brainstem that block signals from the action-generating areas in the brain to the spinal nerves and muscles. The shutdown happens when Rapid Eye Movement or REM sleep starts, meaning that dreaming of even the most energetic actions results in no more than a slight twitch. One of the few actions that are not paralysed, however, is eye movement. This is where REM sleep gets its name from and this window of free action provides the lucid dreamer a way of signalling to the outside world.
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